Knowledge Hub

The complete guide to malting barley

One of the world's oldest grains — and the soul of beer. Explore barley's history, types, varieties, the malting process, malt styles, quality standards and how it's grown.

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From a wild Fertile-Crescent grass to your glass

Barley (Hordeum vulgare) is one of the oldest cultivated plants on Earth — domesticated more than 10,000 years ago near the Tigris and Euphrates, used by the Egyptians to brew beer, and even traded as money in ancient Mesopotamia. Today it's the world's fourth cereal crop, and roughly a quarter of the global harvest becomes malt for beer. This hub gathers everything that matters about malting barley: where it came from, the difference between 2-row and 6-row, the varieties brewers prize, how grain becomes malt, and the quality standards that define premium grain.

Barley at a glance

The numbers behind the grain

~157 Mt
Global production (2020/21)
#4
Cereal crop worldwide
~25%
Of the harvest used for beer
10,000+
Years of cultivation
2-row
Type preferred for premium malt
$127 B
Beer-ingredients market (2025)

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Everything about malting barley

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2-row vs 6-row & barley types

The key distinction in brewing — plus malting vs feed, covered vs hulless, and winter vs spring barley.

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Malting barley varieties

Maris Otter, Harrington, Montoya, RGT Planet and the cultivars brewers and maltsters prize, country by country.

Browse varieties →
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The malting process

How raw grain becomes malt: steeping, germination and kilning — the craft that unlocks barley's sugars.

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Grain to glass

From malt to finished beer — the brewing process, and how non-alcoholic beer is made.

Explore brewing →
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Where barley grows

An interactive satellite globe of the world's leading growing regions, ports, maltsters and breweries.

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Global market

World production, consumption, trade routes and the data that moves one of the planet's key cereals.

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History of barley

Domestication in the Fertile Crescent, Egyptian beer, barley as money, and the journey across the world.

Read the history →
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Types of malt

Base malts (pale, pilsner, Vienna, Munich) and specialty malts that build a beer's colour and flavour.

Explore malts →
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Malt quality standards

Protein, moisture, plumpness, germination and diastatic power — the specs that define premium malting barley.

See the standards →
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Growing malting barley

Climate, soil, water and the crop's phenology — from sowing to harvest.

How it's grown →
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Barley & malt glossary

2-row, diastatic power, extract, dormancy, rachis, tillering — the language of barley, defined.

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Sourcing sustainable, traceable barley?

We connect breweries and food brands with organic, pesticide-free barley you can trace back to the field.

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